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A schedule in your project’s time table actually consists of sequenced activities and milestones that are needed to be delivered under a given period of time.
Project schedule simply means a mechanism that is used to communicate and know about that tasks are needed and has to be done or performed and which organizational resources will be given or allocated to these tasks and in what time duration or time frame work is needed to be performed. Effective project scheduling leads to success of project, reduced cost, and increased customer satisfaction. Scheduling in project management means to list out activities, deliverables, and milestones within a project that are delivered. It contains more notes than your average weekly planner notes. The most common and important form of project schedule is Gantt chart.
Process :
The manager needs to estimate time and resources of project while scheduling project. All activities in project must be arranged in a coherent sequence that means activities should be arranged in a logical and well-organized manner for easy to understand. Initial estimates of project can be made optimistically which means estimates can
be made when all favorable things will happen and no threats or problems take place.
The total work is separated or divided into various small activities or tasks during project schedule. Then, Project manager will decide time required for each activity or task to get completed. Even some activities are conducted and performed in parallel for efficient performance. The project manager should be aware of fact that each stage of project is not problem-free.
Problems arise during Project Development Stage :
- People may leave or remain absent during particular stage of development.
- Hardware may get failed while performing.
- Software resource that is required may not be available at present, etc.
The project schedule is represented as set of chart in which work-breakdown structure and dependencies within various activities are represented. To accomplish and complete project within a given schedule, required resources must be available when they are needed. Therefore, resource estimation should be done before starting development.
Resources required for Development of Project :
- Human effort
- Sufficient disk space on server
- Specialized hardware
- Software technology
- Travel allowance required by project staff, etc.
Advantages of Project Scheduling :
There are several advantages provided by project schedule in our
project management:
- It simply ensures that everyone remains on same page as far as tasks get completed, dependencies, and deadlines.
- It helps in identifying issues early and concerns such as lack or unavailability of resources.
- It also helps to identify relationships and to monitor process.
- It provides effective budget management and risk mitigation.
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Basic Principles of Project Scheduling
Scheduling is the culmination of a planning activity that is a primary component of software project management. When combined with estimation methods and risk analysis, scheduling establishes a road map for the project manager.
BASIC PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE SOFTWARE PROJECT
SCHEDULING
- Compartmentalization : The project must be compartmentalized into a number of manageable activities, actions and tasks. To accomplish compartmentalization, both the product and the process are decomposed.
- Interdependency : The interdependency of each compartmentalized activity, action, or task must be determined. Some tasks must occur in sequence while others can occur in parallel.
- Time allocation : Each task to be scheduled must be allocated some number of work units.
In addition, each task must be assigned a start date and a completion date that are a function of the inter dependencies and whether work will be conducted on a full-time or part-time basis.
- Effort validation : As time allocation occurs, the project manager must ensure that no more than the allocated number of people have been scheduled at any given time.
- Defined responsibilities : Every task that is scheduled should be assigned to a specific team member.
- Defined outcomes : Every
task that is scheduled should have a defined outcome. For software projects, the outcome is normally a work product or a part of work product.
- Defined milestones : Every task or group of tasks should be associated with a project milestone. A milestone is accomplished when one or more work products has been reviewed for quality.
Each of these principles is applied as the project schedule evolves.