The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric
2nd EditionLawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses
661 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
Recommended textbook solutionsTechnical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric
2nd EditionLawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses
661 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
Technical Writing for Success
3rd EditionDarlene Smith-Worthington, Sue Jefferson
468 solutions
The message is the actual communication product from the source. It might be a speech, interview, conversation, chart, gesture, memorandum,
or nursing note. channel of communication is the medium the sender has selected to send the message. The channel might target any of the receiver's senses. The message can be sent to the receiver through the following channels:Auditory—spoken words and cues
V isual—sight, observations, and
perception
Kinesthetic—touch. NURSES USE ALL 3 CHANNELS TO COMMUNICATE .The receiver [decoder] must translate and interpret the message sentand received. Through the translation of the message, the receiver must
then make a decision about an accurate response. To be an effectivecommunicator, the nurse needs to be considerate of the receiver, and select
a message that appeals to the patient's interests and that requires minimal effort and time to decode.
Touch
is a personal behavior and
means different things to different people. Familial, regional, class, and cultural influences largely shape tactile experiences. Factors such as age and sex also play a key role in meanings associated with touch. Despite its Individuality, touch is viewed as one of the most effective nonverbal ways to express feelings of comfort, love, affection, security, anger, frustration,
aggression, excitement, and many others
Nurses
engage in four levels of communication during
practice: intrapersonal communication, interpersonal communication, small-group communication, and organizational communication.
Intrapersonal communication, or self-talk, is communication within a person. This communication is crucial because it affects the nurse's behavior and can enhance or detract from positive interactions. Interpersonal communication occurs between two or more people with a goal to exchange messages.influences your
sharing, problem solving, goal attainment, team building, and effectiveness in critical nursing roles [e.g., caregiver, teacher, counselor,
leader, manager, patient advocate].
In common the components of care, concern, trust,
and growth. They are also very different:
The helping relationship does not occur spontaneously, as do most social relationships. It occurs for a specific purpose with a specific person.
The helping relationship is
characterized by an unequal sharing of
information. The patient shares information related to personal health problems, whereas the nurse shares information in terms of a professional role. In a friendship, information sharing is more likely to be
similar in quantity and type.
The helping relationship is built on the patient's needs, not on those ofthe helping person. In a friendship, needs of both participants are
generally considered. A friendship might grow out of a
helpingrelationship, but this is separate from the purposeful, time-limited interaction described as a helping relationship. helping relationships are professional relationships.
Termination Phase
The termination phase occurs when the conclusion of the initial agreement
is acknowledged. This might happen at change-of-shift time, when the
patient is discharged, or when a nurse takes vacation or employment
elsewhere. At this point, you'll examine
with the patient the goals of the
helping relationship for indications of their attainment or for evidence of
progress toward them. If the goals/outcomes have been reached, this fact
should be acknowledged. Such acknowledgment generally results in a
feeling of satisfaction for the patient and nurse. If the goals/outcomes have
not been reached, the progress can be acknowledged and either the patient
or you might make suggestions for future efforts.
Ordinarily, emotions are
associated with the termination of a helping
relationship. If the goals have been met, there is often regret about ending
a satisfying relationship, even though a sense of accomplishment persists.
If the goals have not been achieved, the patient might experience anxiety
and fear about the future. Whatever the feelings, patients should be
encouraged to express their emotions about the termination.
You can prepare for the termination of the helping relationship in
various
ways. It is thoughtful to set the stage for the patient to establish a
helping relationship with another nurse, if appropriate. You can also assist
the patient transferring from one facility to another or from one unit in a
facility to another by offering explanations concerning the transfer. In
some instances, you might introduce the patient to personnel who will be
giving care.
Dispositional Traits A dispositional trait is a characteristic or
customary way of behaving.
Nurses who consistently demonstrate warmth and friendliness; openness
and rapport; empathy, honesty, authenticity, and trust; caring; and competence are well disposed to communicate effectively.
WARMTH AND FRIENDLINESS
Initiation of a helping relationship . A pleasant
greeting and friendly smile can facilitate this phase and place the patient at ease.
OPENNESS AND RESPECT
One key factor to effective communication is to be open, accepting, frank,
respectful, and without prejudice.
EMPATHY: an objective understanding of the way in which a patient sees his or her situation, identifying with the way another person feels, puttingyourself in another person's circumstances, and imagining what it wouldbe like to share that person's feelings.
Sympathy shifts the emphasis from the patient to the nurse as the nurse shares feelings and personal concerns and projects them onto the patient.
Employing sympathy rather than empathy limits the
nurse's ability to focus objectively on the patient's needs.COMPETENCECompetent nurses are skilled in all aspects of basic nursing and can meet
their patients' health care needs through their technical, cognitive, interpersonal, and ethical/legal skills.