Musical intelligence is one of Gardner's seven categories of intelligence.
Spatial intelligence, or the ability to navigate in space, includes abilities such as drawing and is one of Gardner's seven categories of intelligence.
Intrapersonal intelligence, or the ability to understand one's self, includes abilities such as awareness of one's desires, fears, and inhibitions, and is one of Gardner's seven categories of intelligence.
Convergent intelligence was proposed by Guilford to describe IQ test related intelligence, such as puzzles, vocabulary words, and arithmetic.
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Terms in this set [22]
Crystallized Intelligence
-learning from past experiences and learning.
-Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams.
-This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences.
-This type of intelligence becomes
stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding.
Fluid Intelligence
-the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems.
-This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education.
-Examples: solving puzzles and coming up with problem solving strategies.
-Both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence.
-Fluid intelligence
peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40.
Theories of Intelligence
-Charles Spearman—"g" factor
-Louis Thurstone—intelligence as a person's "pattern" of mental abilities
-Howard Gardner—multiple intelligences
-Sternberg-triarchic theory
-Emotional Intelligence - ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
Charles Spearman [1863-1945]
General Intelligence [g-factor]
-Theorized that a general intelligence factor [g] underlies other, more specific aspects of intelligence
-Based this on how he noticed people who did well on one test tended to do similarly well on others.
-Agreed with Terman that a single overall IQ score was best.
Louis L. Thurstone
-Intelligence
is a cluster of abilities.
-Believed intelligence comprised of 7 different "primary mental abilities" each independent from the other.
-Examples: Verbal Comprehension, numerical ability, reasoning & perceptual speed
-The g factor was just an overall average score of these independent abilities.
-Looked for a pattern of mental abilities like Wechsler.
Howard Gardner [1943- ]
Multiple Intelligences
-Author
of a contemporary theory of multiple intelligences consisting of eight separate kinds of intelligence
-Multiple Intelligences - several independent mental abilities that allow a person to solve problems, create products that are valued within one's culture.
-Intelligence defined within the context of culture
-Can't really measure it using a standard IQ test.
verbal-linguistic
reading, comprehension, and writing
logical-mathematical
solving math and logic problems
bodily-kinesthetic
balance, strength, endurance
visual-spacial
judging distance, map reading, geometry
musical-rhytmic
appreciating and creating music, music theory
interpersonal
listening, cooperation, sensitivity to others
intrapersonal
knowledge of self
naturalistic
appreciating nature, ability to work with plants and animals
Robert Sternberg [1949- ]
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
-Author of a Triarchic theory of multiple intelligences consisting of of 3 mental abilities
-Disagrees with Gardner in calling these intelligences.
-Instead believes these are talents or abilities.
-Said Intelligence is a general quality
-Stresses both the universal aspects of intelligent behavior and the importance of adapting to a certain social
and cultural climate.
-Also called Successful Intelligence
Robert Sternberg
-Analytic/Academic "intelligence"—mental processes used in learning how to solve problems
-Creative "intelligence"—ability to deal with novel situations by drawing on existing skills and knowledge
-Practical "intelligence"—ability to adapt to the environment [street smarts]
analytic intelligence
analyzing, comparing, evaluating
practical intelligence
applying, using
creative intelligence
inventing, designing
emotional intelligence
-The ability to perceive, express, understand, and
regulate emotions
-People high in emotional intelligence are more in touch with their feelings and the feelings of others.
IQ Tests do a good job measuring:
Logical thinking
Problem solving
Capacity to acquire knowledge
IQ Tests however do not measure:
Creativity
Achievement motivation
Goal-oriented behavior
Ability to adapt to one's environment
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