Treatment for overweight and obesity should be

How does traditional knowledge of Cassiae semen shed light on weight management? – A classical and modern literature review

2021, Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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The seed of Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby (Cassiae semen, CS) also known as Jue ming zi in China, has been traditionally used for weight management by purging the liver and improving the liver functions to support digestion. In the past decades, it has been used for hepatoprotection and treatment of overweight and other metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidaemia and diabetes.

This review aimed at providing comprehensive information on the traditional usages, pharmacology, phytochemistry and toxicology of CS and critically exploring its potential usage for clinical weight management from both traditional and modern application perspectives.

In order to fully understand the properties, actions and indications of CS, two sets of Chinese classical texts were searched, namely: Zhong Hua Yi Dian (Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine) and Zhong Guo Ben Cao Quan Shu (Complete Collection of Traditional Texts on Chinese Materia Medica). The purpose of studying these classical texts was to determine the traditional use of CS in weight management. Comprehensive searches were also performed on seven databases for publications on original randomised clinical trials (RCT), in vivo, in vitro or in silico studies related to pharmacological effects of CS. Detailed information about the phytochemistry of CS was collected from books, encyclopedia, online databases and journal literature.

In classical literature review, 89 classic texts provided information of properties, actions and indications of CS. In modern literature review, 44 studies were included for analysis, including 5 RCTs, 7 in vivo studies, 14 in vitro studies, 2 in silico studies and 16 studies of mixed types. Chinese classic literature has provided traditional evidence of the usage of CS for weight management. Contemporary studies have revealed that CS has weight loss effects and possesses some other pharmacological activities supporting weight management. Some chemical compounds of CS have been hypothesised to have a direct or indirect contribution to weight control.

The relationships between chemical compounds and the corresponding weight-loss target proteins are not fully understood. Therefore, CS constituents should be further explored for the development of novel therapeutic or preventive agents for the treatment of overweight and obesity.

Study of the relationship between APOA-II −265T>C polymorphism and HDL function in response to weight loss in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients

2018, Clinical Nutrition

Citation Excerpt :

Increasing prevalence of overweightness and obesity makes diabetes a global public health problem [1].

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It has been reported that people may respond differently to the same environmental changes because of genome variations.

The main purpose of the present study is to determine gene–diet interactions between −265T>C apolipoprotein A-II polymorphisms and evaluate the effect of weight loss on parameters related to HDL function.

In the present study, 56 overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients were chosen from 697 genotype-specified subjects. After matching for gender, age and BMI, an equal number of patients were chosen for each genotype of APOA-II (TT/TC and CC group). After six-week calorie restriction programme, 44 patients completed the study. Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1), paraoxonase-3 (PON3), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and PTX3 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between two genotypes and also before and after the intervention separated in each genotype.

The mean differences of PON enzymes and PTX3 between groups were not significant at the baseline. After weight loss, the mean weight, BMI and serum concentration of PON1 and PON3 decreased significantly and PTX3 increased in total population. Although, the mean differences of PON enzymes and PTX3 between two groups were not significant. However, in comparison of mean differences within the groups, decreased PON3 and increased PTX3 have been observed only in TT group.

A comparison of the mean differences in PON3 and PTX3 within two genotype groups showed that T allele carriers are more sensitive to lifestyle modification, and serum PON3 and PTX3 levels significantly changed only in the TT/TC group.

Distribution and association of weight-loss diet programs with body mass index and health status among students at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan

2022, Electronic Journal of General Medicine

Growing Up After Adolescent Bariatric Surgery

2022, Clinical Nursing Research

Motivational processes of the relationship between weight stigma and physical activity: a comparison between France and Mexico

2022, International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Evaluation of phenoconversion phenomenon in obese patients: the effects of bariatric surgery on the CYP450 activity “a protocol for a case–control pharmacokinetic study”

2021, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders

Research article

Evaluation of in vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials of α-santalol and sandalwood oil

Phytomedicine, Volume 20, Issue 5, 2013, pp. 409-416

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Sandalwood finds numerous mentions across diverse traditional medicinal systems in use worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of sandalwood oil and its major constituent α-santalol. The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic experiment was conducted in alloxan-induced diabetic male Swiss albino mice models. The in vivo antioxidant experiment was performed in d-galactose mediated oxidative stress induced male Swiss albino mice models. Intraperitoneal administration of α-santalol (100 mg/kg BW) and sandalwood oil (1 g/kg BW) for an week modulated parameters such as body weight, blood glucose, serum bilirubin, liver glycogen, and lipid peroxides contents to normoglycemic levels in the alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Similarly, intraperitoneal administration of α-santalol (100 mg/kg BW) and sandalwood oil (1 g/kg BW) for two weeks modulated parameters such as serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, free sulfhydryl, protein carbonyl, nitric oxide, liver lipid peroxide contents, and antioxidant capacity in d-galactose mediated oxidative stress induced mice. Besides, it was observed that the beneficial effects of α-santalol were well complimented, differentially by other constituents present in sandalwood oil, thus indicating synergism in biological activity of this traditionally used bioresource.

Research article

Development and validation of a predictive model for the influences of selected product and process variables on ascorbic acid degradation in simulated fruit juice

Food Chemistry, Volume 177, 2015, pp. 295-303

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A predictive response surface model for the influences of product (soluble solids and titratable acidity) and process (temperature and heating time) parameters on the degradation of ascorbic acid (AA) in heated simulated fruit juices (SFJs) was established. Physicochemical property ranges of freshly squeezed and processed juices, and a previously established decimal reduction times of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at different heating temperatures were used in establishing a Central Composite Design of Experiment that determined the combinations of product and process variable used in the model building. Only the individual linear effects of temperature and heating time significantly (P < 0.05) affected AA reduction (%AAr). Validating systems either over- or underestimated actual %AAr with bias factors 0.80–1.20. However, all validating systems still resulted in acceptable predictive efficacy, with accuracy factor 1.00–1.26. The model may be useful in establishing unique process schedules for specific products, for the simultaneous control and improvement of food safety and quality.

Research article

Sulforaphane induced adipolysis via hormone sensitive lipase activation, regulated by AMPK signaling pathway

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Volume 426, Issue 4, 2012, pp. 492-497

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Sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, is known for its antidiabetic properties. The effects of sulforaphane on lipid metabolism in adipocytes are not clearly understood. Here, we investigated whether sulforaphane stimulates lipolysis. Mature adipocytes were incubated with sulforaphane for 24 h and analyzed using a lipolysis assay which quantified glycerol released into the medium. We investigated gene expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and levels of HSL phosphorylation and AMP-activated protein kinase on sulforaphane-mediated lipolysis in adipocytes. Sulforaphane promoted lipolysis and increased both HSL gene expression and HSL activation. Sulforaphane suppressed AMPK phosphorylation at Thr-172 in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with a decrease in HSL phosphorylation at Ser-565, enhancing the phosphorylation of HSL Ser-563. Taken together, these results suggest that sulforaphane promotes lipolysis via hormone sensitive lipase activation mediated by decreasing AMPK signal activation in adipocytes.

Research article

An Introduction to Current State of Obesity Interventions: A Guide for the Interventional Radiologist

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Volume 23, Issue 1, 2020, Article 100652

Research article

Risk factors for surgical failure in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism

Cirugía Española (English Edition), Volume 100, Issue 9, 2022, pp. 569-572

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Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disease. The aim of our study was to determine long-term outcomes and risk factors for persistence in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Retrospective study including patients undergoing parathyroidectomy between 2009−2019. Cure was defined as reestablishment of normal calcium homeostasis lasting a minimum of 6 months. Persistence was defined by ongoing hypercalcemia more than 6 months after surgery. Recurrent PHTP was defined by recurrence of hypercalcemia after a normocalcemic interval at more than 6 months after surgery. A more detailed analysis was performed on patients with normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH levels after surgery. Variables independently related to persistence were analyzed by multivariate analysis.

We included 212 patients. Mean age was 59 years and 83% were women. Cure was observed in 204 patients (96.2%), persistence in 8 (3.8%) and recurrence in 3 (1.4%). Four patients (1.9%) presented normocalcemia and persistently elevated PTH after surgery. All presented parathyroid pathology (2 adenomas and 2 hyperplasia). In follow-up we observed that adenoma subgroup presented one patient with CKD and one with vitamin D deficiency while in the hyperplasia subgroup two patients presented CKD. Persistence was independently associated with hyperplasia (Odds ratio = 12.6, IC95% = 1.28−124, p = 0.030) and normal parathyroid tissue (Odds ratio = 188, IC95% = 9.33−379, p = 0.001) on histopathological report.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a safe procedure in terms of morbidity and long-term outcomes. Hyperplasia and normal parathyroid tissue on histopathological report are risk factors for persistence. An interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach is required to prevent persistence.

El hiperparatiroidismo primario es la tercera enfermedad endócrina más frecuente. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los resultados a largo plazo y los factores de riesgo de persistencia en pacientes operados por hiperparatiroidismo primario.

Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados de paratiroidectomía entre 2009−2019. Se definió cura como el restablecimiento de la homeostasis normal del calcio durante un mínimo de seis meses, persistencia como la continuidad de hipercalcemia por más de seis meses postoperatorios, y recurrencia como la reaparición de hipercalcemia luego de un intervalo normocalcémico mayor a seis meses postoperatorios. Se realizó un análisis más detallado en pacientes con normocalcemia y hormona paratiroidea (HPT) elevada postoperatoria. Las variables independientemente relacionadas a persistencia fueron analizadas mediante análisis multivariante.

Se incluyeron 212 pacientes. La edad media fue 59 años y 83% fueron mujeres. Se observó cura en 204 pacientes (96,2%), persistencia en ocho (3,8%) y recurrencia en tres (1,4%). Cuatro pacientes (1,9%) presentaron normocalcemia y HPT persistentemente elevada luego de la cirugía. Todos presentaron patología paratiroidea (dos adenoma y dos hiperplasia). En el seguimiento se observaron tres pacientes con fallo renal crónico (FRC) y uno con déficit de vitamina D. La persistencia se asoció independientemente con hiperplasia (Odds ratio = 12,6; IC 95%: 1,28–124; p = 0,030) y tejido paratiroideo normal (Odds ratio = 188; IC 95%: 9,33–379; p = 0,001) en el estudio histopatológico.

La paratiroidectomía es un procedimiento seguro en términos de morbilidad y resultados a largo plazo. La hiperplasia y el tejido paratiroideo normal en el estudio histopatológico son factores de riesgo de persistencia.

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