Vasopressin is administered to the client with diabetes insipidus (di) because it:
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5. Vasopressin is administered to the clientwith diabetes insipidus (DI) because it:A. Decreases blood sugar.B. Increases tubular reabsorption of water.C. Increases release of insulin from thepancreas.D. Decreases glucose production within theliver.6. A male client is admitted for treatment ofthe syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretichormone (SIADH). Which nursingintervention is appropriate?A. Infusing I.V. fluids rapidly as orderedB. Encouraging increased oral intakeC. Restricting fluidsD. Administering glucose-containing I.V.fluids as ordered7. Which of these signs suggests that amale client with the syndrome ofinappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)secretion is experiencing complications?A. Tetanic contractionsB. Neck vein distentionC. Weight lossD. Polyuria8. Which of the following conditions iscaused by excessive secretion ofvasopressin?A. Thyrotoxic crisisB. Diabetes insipidusC. Primary adrenocortical insufficiencyD. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretichormone (SIADH)9. Which of the following manifestationsexpected to a patient with SIADH? Select allthat apply.A. Weight gainB. Weight lossC. HypotensionD. HypertensionE. Large volumes of urineF. Small amounts of urine10. The appropriate nursing diagnosis for apatient with SIADH is:A. Fluid volume deficit related to excessivefluid lossB. Fluid volume excess related to fluidretentionC. Risk for injury related to decreased bloodpressureD. Impaired skin integrity related todehydration Show 11. A male client has recently undergonesurgical removal of a pituitary tumor. Dr.Wong prescribes corticotropin (Acthar), 20units I.M. q.i.d. as a replacement therapy.What is the mechanism of action ofcorticotropin?A. It decreases cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) production andaffects the metabolic rate of target organs.B. It interacts with plasma membranereceptors to inhibit enzymatic actions.C. It interacts with plasma membranereceptors to produce enzymatic actions thataffect protein, fat, and carbohydratemetabolism.D. It regulates the threshold for waterresorption in the kidneys.12. A female client whose physical findingssuggest a hyperpituitary conditionundergoes an extensive diagnostic workup.Test results reveal a pituitary tumor, whichnecessitates a transsphenoidalhypophysectomy. The evening before thesurgery, nurse Jacob reviews preoperativeand postoperative instructions given to theclient earlier. Which postoperativeinstruction should the nurse emphasize?A. “You must lie flat for 24 hours aftersurgery.”B. “You must avoid coughing, sneezing, andblowing your nose.”C. “You must restrict your fluid intake.”D. “You must report ringing in your earsimmediately.” español > Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare condition that leads to excessive urination (passing a lot of clear urine) and excessive thirst. The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin (AVP) is released by the pituitary gland and helps the kidneys balance the amount of water in the body. If ADH is low or the kidneys do not respond to ADH, the body cannot hold on to water, resulting in large amounts of clear urine. This, in turn, results in dehydration and increased thirst. DI is not related to diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2 diabetes), which is when your levels of blood sugar (glucose) are too high. In diabetes mellitus, the high concentrations of glucose cause excessive urination. Endocrine Connection The amount of water in the body is a balance between how much liquid you drink and how much urine you make. The hypothalamus, which is part of the brain, senses how much water is in the body and increases or decreases the production of ADH to maintain the amount of water in the body. If you do not drink enough water, your brain and pituitary will make more ADH. ADH will make the kidneys hold on to water, and urine becomes more concentrated. In DI, you are not making enough ADH (central DI), or the kidneys do not respond to ADH (nephrogenic DI). As a result, the kidneys let too much water to pass in the urine. This results in dehydration, high blood sodium levels, and increased thirst. It can be a serious condition if you are not able to drink enough water. There are several types of DI, including: Central DI: Damage to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus from head injury, surgery, tumors, or inflammation leads to a lack of ADH. Nephrogenic DI: The pituitary releases enough ADH in the blood, but the kidneys cannot respond to it. This can result from drugs such as lithium, high blood calcium, low blood potassium, or different genetic problems. Gestational DI: During pregnancy, an enzyme that comes from the placenta breaks down ADH, resulting in DI or making DI worse. Your doctor will run several tests to make the diagnosis of DI and find the cause:
General symptoms of diabetes insipidus are:
The goal of treatment for all types of DI is to relieve thirst and to decrease the amount of urine being made. Central DI is usually treated with synthetic ADH, called desmopressin or DDAVP. This can be given as an injection, nasal spray or tablets. In mild cases, drinking more water can be enough. Taking too much desmopressin or drinking lots of fluids while taking desmopressin may cause low sodium levels in the blood, which can lead to headache, nausea, confusion, seizures or, in rare cases, death. Centarl DI can be difficult to manage if the sense of thirst is not normal. Nephrogenic DI can be treated with a combination of measures that include: diet (low salt, low protein), diuretic medications (hydroclorthiazide, amiloride, acetazolamide) and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (indomethacin) Long-term outlook depends on the type of DI. Usually, adults do not have serious problems unless they do not have access to water or other fluids.
Endocrine Library >> Eleni Dimaraki, M.D., MS, Anne Klibanski, M.D., Ramon Martinez, M.D., Janet Schlechte, M.D., Nicholas Tritos, M.D., DSc Last Updated: January 24, 2022 How does vasopressin work in diabetes insipidus?Central diabetes insipidus
When the amount of fluids in your body falls too low, the pituitary gland releases vasopressin into your bloodstream. The hormone signals your kidneys to conserve fluids by pulling fluids from your urine and returning fluid to your bloodstream.
Is vasopressin used to treat diabetes insipidus?Vasopressin injection is used to control the frequent urination, increased thirst, and loss of water caused by diabetes insipidus.
Why is desmopressin given for diabetes insipidus?Desmopressin. Desmopressin is a manufactured version of AVP that's more powerful and more resistant to being broken down than the AVP naturally produced by your body. It works just like natural AVP, stopping your kidneys producing urine when the level of water in your body is low.
What is the function of vasopressin in the body?Vasopressin is known to regulate blood pressure, blood osmolality, and blood volume. The effects of V1a and V2 receptors can be amplified when vasopressin is secreted in excessive amounts, and this condition may be experienced by patients undergoing a disease or stress.
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