Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable disc

Notes 011619 – Chapter 4Programs and Apps•Aprogram, orsoftware, consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a commonpurpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them•Anapplication, orapp, sometimes called application software, consists of programs designed tomake users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasksDOES ONE THING ONLY i.e.vertical (enterprise computing)•An operating system is a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer ormobile device hardware–Tools and activities–System software --printers–Application software – helps you to do your job betterIdentify the generalcategories of programsand appsDescribe how anoperating systeminteracts withapplications andhardwareDifferentiate among theways you can acquireprograms and appsIdentify key features ofproductivity applicationsIdentify the key featuresof graphics andmultimedia applicationsIdentify the usesof personalinterestapplicationsIdentify thepurpose ofsoftware used incommunicationsIdentify the keyfeatures ofsecurity toolsIdentify the keyfeatures of file,disk, and systemmanagement tools

•Software is available in a variety of forms:Shareware – owns it and gives you permissions to use itFreeware – is free to useOpen Source – trusting to use; Lenox (not Microsoft)Public domain – things that people share, common placesRetailCustomWeb appMobileappMobileweb appSharewareFreewareOpensourcePublicdomain

Productivity Applications•Productivity applications can assist you in becoming more effective and efficient whileperforming daily activities at work, school, and home•With productivity applications, users often:•Word processing softwareallows users to create and manipulate documents•A major advantage of using word processing software is that it enables users to change theirwritten words easily•Presentation softwareallows users to create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas,messages, and other information to a group•Spreadsheet software

(c) Managing ProgramsSome operating systems support a single user and only one running program at a time. Others supportthousands of users running multiple programs. How an operating system handles programs directlyaffects your productivity.Asingle user/single taskingoperating system allows only one user to run oneprogram at a time. For example, if you are working in a graphics program and want to check e-mailmessages, you must quit the graphics program before you can run the e-mail program.Asingle user/multitaskingoperating system allows a single user to work on two or more programs thatreside in memory at the same time.(d) Managing MemoryThe purpose ofmemory managementis to optimize the use of random access memory (RAM). RAMconsists of one or more chips on the motherboard that hold items such as data and instructions while theprocessor interprets and executes them.The operating system allocates, or assigns, data and instructions to an area of memory while they arebeing processed. Then, it carefully monitors the contents of memory. Finally, the operating systemreleases these items from being monitored in memory when the processor no longer requires them.

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1. 1. CHAPTER 6.1
2. 2. COMPUTER SOFTWARE • Software a.k.a program consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what task to perform and how to perform them. System Application Computer software software software
3. 3. SYSTEM SOFTWARE • System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating Utility systems Programs
4. 4. OPERATING SYSTEM • OS is a set of programs containing instructions that works together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources. • Sometimes called platform. • Cross-platform program: can runs the same on multiple OS.
5. 5. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
6. 6. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Starting and Shutting Down a Computer • The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting Cold boot Warm boot • Turning on • Using the a computer operating that has system to been restart a powered off computer completely
7. 7. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Starting and Shutting Down a Computer A boot drive is the drive from which your computer starts • You can boot from a boot disk • A recovery disk contains a few system files that will start the computer
8. 8. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Starting and Shutting Down a Computer • An operating system includes various shut down options Sleep mode saves any open Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to documents and programs to RAM, turns off all a hard disk before unneeded functions, and removing power from the then places the computer in computer a low-power state
9. 9. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Providing User Interface • A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen • With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images
10. 10. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS • With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions
11. 11. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Managing Programs • How an operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity Single user: One user multiuser: Enables two Single tasking and Foreground and or more users to runs multitasking background programs simulataneously Preemptive multitasking: OS interrupts a prog that is executing and passes Multiprocessing control to another prog waiting to be executed.
12. 12. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
13. 13. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Managing Memory • Memory management optimizes the use of RAM • Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM
14. 14. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Coordinating Tasks • The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed
15. 15. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
16. 16. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Configuring Devices • Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections
17. 17. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Monitoring Performance • A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices
18. 18. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Providing File Management and other Utilities • Operating systems often provide users with the capability of: Searching for Viewing Securing a Managing files files images computer Uninstalling Cleaning up Defragmenting Diagnosing programs disks disks problems Backing up Setting up files and disks screen savers
19. 19. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Controlling a Network • Some operating • A network systems are designed administrator uses to work with a server on a network the server operating system to: • A server operating system organizes and – Add and remove coordinates how users, computers, an multiple users access d other devices and share resources on – Install software and a network administer network security
20. 20. OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: Administering Security • Each user has a user account – A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user – A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name
21. 21. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
22. 22. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Stand Alone • A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device Windows Mac OS X 7 UNIX Linux
23. 23. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Stand Alone • The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use • Latest version is Mac OS X
24. 24. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Stand Alone UNIX is a multitasking operating system developed in the early 1970s Linux is an open- source, popular, multitasking UNIX-type operating system
25. 25. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Server Windows UNIX Server 2008 Linux Solaris
26. 26. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Server • Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to Windows Server 2003 – Part of the Windows Server 2008 family – Multiple editions • Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization technology – Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources
27. 27. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Embedded • An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device Windows Windows Palm OS iPhone OS Embedded CE Mobile Google Embedded Blackberry Symbian OS Android Linux
28. 28. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS: Embedded
29. 29. UTILITY PROGRAM • A utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance- type tasks
30. 30. UTILITY PROGRAM • A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management – Displaying a list of files – Organizing files in folders – Copying, renaming, deleti ng, moving, and sorting files and folders – Creating shortcuts
31. 31. UTILITY PROGRAM • An image viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file • An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files
32. 32. UTILITY PROGRAM • A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster – Defragmenting
33. 33. UTILITY PROGRAM • A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium • A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form
34. 34. UTILITY PROGRAM • A screen saver causes a • A personal firewall display device’s screen detects and protects to show a moving a personal computer image or blank screen from unauthorized if no activity occurs for intrusions a specified time
35. 35. UTILITY PROGRAM A• virus describes acauses a display device’s screen A screen saver potentially damaging computer to show a that affects a computer screen if no program moving image or blank negatively activity occurs for a specified time A worm copies A Trojan horse An antivirus itself hides within or program repeatedly in looks like a protects a memory or legitimate computer over a network program against viruses
36. 36. UTILITY PROGRAM
37. 37. UTILITY PROGRAM Spyware is a program placed on Adware displays an online a computer without the user’s advertisement in a banner or knowledge that secretly collects pop-up window information about the user • A spyware remover detects • An adware remover is a and deletes spyware and program that detects and other similar programs deletes adware
38. 38. UTILITY PROGRAM • A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s) – Compressing files frees up room on the storage media – Two types of compression • Lossy • Lossless • Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files – Can be uncompressed
39. 39. UTILITY PROGRAM • A media player allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer
40. 40. UTILITY PROGRAM • Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc
41. 41. UTILITY PROGRAM • A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance

Is a type of program that detects and deletes spyware and similar programs?

Is an unsolicited email message or posting sent to many recipients or forums at once?

What software helps businesses record and report financial transactions?

Is a small text file that a Web server stores on your computer?