get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessCommunication
Characterization of a Novel Mycovirus from the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botryosphaeria dothideaby
Viruses 2022, 14[2], 331; //doi.org/10.3390/v14020331 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dothidea is, globally, one of the most economically important phytopathogenic fungi worldwide, causing the canker and dieback of fruit trees. An increasing number of viruses infecting B. dothidea have lately been reported, several of which could confer hypovirulence. In this study, isolated [...] Read more.
Botryosphaeria dothidea is, globally, one of the most economically important phytopathogenic fungi worldwide, causing the canker and dieback of fruit trees. An increasing number of viruses infecting B. dothidea have lately been reported, several of which could confer hypovirulence. In this study, isolated from strain ZM170285-1 of B. dothidea, a novel double-stranded RNA [dsRNA] mycovirus, tentatively named Botryosphaeria dothidea partitivirus 2 [BdPV2], was identified well. The BdPV2 harbored three dsRNA segments [13] with lengths of 1751, 1568, and 1198 bp, which encoded an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [RdRp], a capsid protein [CP], and a hypothetical protein of unknown function, respectively. BLASTp searches revealed that the predicted protein sequences of dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 had the highest identities [74.95% and 61.01%] with the corresponding dsRNAs of Penicillium stoloniferum virus S [PsV-S], whereas dsRNA3 shared the highest identity [32.95%] with the dsRNA3 of Aspergillus ochraceous virus 1 [AoV1]. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BdPV2 belonged to the Gammapartitivirus genus and Partitiviridae family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a gammapartitivirus in B. dothidea. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity and Coinfections of Plant or Fungal Viruses]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessReview
Carboxypeptidase A3A Key Component of the Protease Phenotype of Mast Cellsby
Cells 2022, 11[3], 570; //doi.org/10.3390/cells11030570 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase A3 [CPA3] is a specific mast cell [MC] protease with variable expression. This protease is one of the preformed components of the secretome. During maturation of granules, CPA3 becomes an active enzyme with a characteristic localization determining the features of the cytological [...] Read more.
Carboxypeptidase A3 [CPA3] is a specific mast cell [MC] protease with variable expression. This protease is one of the preformed components of the secretome. During maturation of granules, CPA3 becomes an active enzyme with a characteristic localization determining the features of the cytological and ultrastructural phenotype of MC. CPA3 takes part in the regulation of a specific tissue microenvironment, affecting the implementation of innate immunity, the mechanisms of angiogenesis, the processes of remodeling of the extracellular matrix, etc. Characterization of CPA3 expression in MC can be used to refine the MC classification, help in a prognosis, and increase the effectiveness of targeted therapy. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Mast Cells in Health and Diseases]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Measuring Productivity, Perceived Stress and Work Engagement of a Nationally Delivered Workplace Step Count Challengeby
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19[3], 1843; //doi.org/10.3390/ijerph29031843 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Workplace step count challenges show promise with regard to increasing physical activity, with walking linked to many positive physical and mental health benefits. Few studies have investigated their effects on work-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe [1] the process [...] Read more.
Workplace step count challenges show promise with regard to increasing physical activity, with walking linked to many positive physical and mental health benefits. Few studies have investigated their effects on work-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe [1] the process of collecting work-related outcomes as part of a real-world workplace intervention, the Step Count Challenge, and [2] report step counts and work-related outcomes [productivity, perceived stress and work engagement] during the Step Count Challenge. This pre-post study was conducted as part of a four-week 2018 National Step Count Challenge [SCC] in Scotland, UK. A survey was administered to collect self-reported steps, productivity [HWQ], perceived stress [Cohen Perceived Stress Scale] and work engagement [UWES] on the week prior to the intervention starting [baseline], week 1 and week 4. Process data such as recruitment and response rates were monitored throughout. Of 2042 employees who signed up to the SCC, baseline data were reported for 246 [12% of total; mean age 42.5 years, 83% female]. Process data suggest low uptake to the study and poor compliance between surveys time points. Preliminary data suggest positive changes in step counts [3374 steps/day by week 4], stress and productivity. No changes in work engagement were found. The findings highlight the need to integrate research more effectively into real-world interventions, including a true baseline period. The Step Count Challenge may have positive change on some work-related outcomes warranting further investigation into how robust research designs can be delivered without negatively influencing real-world interventions. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Sedentary Behaviour and Physical Activity in the Workplace]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
The Relationships of Habitat Conditions, Height Level, and Geographical Position with Fruit and Seed Traits in Populations of Invasive Vine Echinocystis lobata[Cucurbitaceae] in Central and Eastern Europeby
Forests 2022, 13[2], 256; //doi.org/10.3390/f13020256 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
In climbing plants, fruits can be formed at different heights, depending on the height of external support. However, the effect of height on fruit and seed traits in invasive vines of Cucurbitaceae has not been intensively studied so far. In Europe, Echinocystis lobata [...] Read more.
In climbing plants, fruits can be formed at different heights, depending on the height of external support. However, the effect of height on fruit and seed traits in invasive vines of Cucurbitaceae has not been intensively studied so far. In Europe, Echinocystis lobata, a North American member of Cucurbitaceae, is considered one of the most abundant invasive alien plants spreading in natural riparian forests, thickets, and tall herbs, whereas it is a rare species in urban woodlands. In this study, we tested the variability of selected fruit and seed traits of E. lobata in connection with habitat origin [natural, semi-natural, and anthropogenic], habitat type [using the EUNIS habitat classification], height [the distance between the fruit and the ground], and geographical position. The study was conducted in 2018 in 65 sites located in Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia. In each study site, a random sample of 10 fresh mature fruits of E. lobata was collected from subsequent 0.50 m intervals of height. The length, the width, and the weight of the fresh fruits, as well as the total number of seeds and number of undeveloped seeds per fruit, were examined. Moreover, the well-developed seeds from selected study sites were weighed. The statistical analysis showed the significant effect of habitat origin, habitat type, and height on most of the studied fruit and seed traits. The largest range of height [from 0.00 to 4.00 m] was observed in two types of habitats [Fheathland, scrub, and tundra; and Gwoodland, forest, and other wooded land]. The total number of seeds per fruit was positively correlated with the length, width, and weight of the fresh fruits. The fruits were a little heavier and bigger in natural habitats located in the northeast of the study area. The distribution of fruits at different heights may contribute to better dispersal of seeds by animals and wind, and may also better protect the seeds from being eaten by granivorous animals. The defence against seed-eating animals is expected to be stronger in semi-natural habitats, as well as on banks and shores of inland surface waters, where the seed production is the highest. The influence of seed traits on seed germination and seedling survival in various habitats and their importance in the invasiveness of E. lobata require further study. Full article
[This article belongs to the Section Forest Ecology and Management]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
The Effects of Rabbit Manure-Derived Biochar on Soil Health and Quality Attributes of Two Mine Tailingsby
Sustainability 2022, 14[3], 1866; //doi.org/10.3390/su14031866 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Biochar amendment is becoming a promising technology for mining soil restoration. The addition of biochar can improve soil microbiological parameters related to soil quality, such as enzyme activities. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of rabbit manure [RM] [...] Read more.
Biochar amendment is becoming a promising technology for mining soil restoration. The addition of biochar can improve soil microbiological parameters related to soil quality, such as enzyme activities. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of rabbit manure [RM] and two rabbit manure biochars prepared at two pyrolysis temperatures [300 and 600 °C] on the biochemical properties of two mining soils in the Portman area [Spain] in the presence or absence of vegetation. Soils were amended with the RM, the two biochars and a mixture of the rabbit manure and biochars [50/50 w/w] at a rate of 10% in a mesocosms experiment to study the changes in dehydrogenase, phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase activities, geometric mean of enzyme activities [GMea] and soil microbial biomass [SMB]. Changes in individual enzyme activities were not always consistent. However, when using the GMea as a measure of soil quality, our results showed an increase in the GMea [217360 times] after the addition of rabbit manure to mining soils, while this increase was from 81270 times following the addition of rabbit manure with biochar prepared at 300 °C. Therefore, the use of biochar prepared at low temperatures could be a promising direction for the improvement of soil quality and soil carbon sequestration. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste to Biochar for a Sustainable Future]
attachment
Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 [ZIP, 668 KiB]
Supplementary File 1 [ZIP, 668 KiB]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Unravelling the Role of Nitrogen in Surface Chemistry and Oxidation Evolution of Deep Cryogenic Treated High-Alloyed Ferrous Alloyby
Coatings 2022, 12[2], 213; //doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020213 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
The role of nitrogen, introduced by deep cryogenic treatment [DCT], has been investigated and unraveled in relation to induced surface chemistry changes and improved corrosion resistance of high-alloyed ferrous alloy AISI M35. The assumptions and observations of the role of nitrogen were investigated [...] Read more.
The role of nitrogen, introduced by deep cryogenic treatment [DCT], has been investigated and unraveled in relation to induced surface chemistry changes and improved corrosion resistance of high-alloyed ferrous alloy AISI M35. The assumptions and observations of the role of nitrogen were investigated and confirmed by using a multitude of complementary investigation techniques with a strong emphasis on ToF-SIMS. DCT samples display modified thickness, composition and layering structure of the corrosion products and passive film compared to a conventionally heat-treated sample under the same environmental conditions. The changes in the passive film composition of a DCT sample is correlated to the presence of the so-called ghost layer, which has higher concentration of nitrogen. This layer acts as a precursor for the formation of green rust on which magnetite is formed. This specific layer combination acts as an effective protective barrier against material degradation. The dynamics of oxide layer build-up is also changed by DCT, which is elucidated by the detection of different metallic ions and their modified distribution over surface thickness compared to its CHT counterpart. Newly observed passive film induced by DCT successfully overcomes the testing conditions in more extreme environments such as high temperature and vibrations, which additionally confirms the improved corrosion resistance of DCT treated high-alloyed ferrous alloys. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical, Corrosive and Tribological Degradation of Metal Coatings and Modified Metallic Surfaces]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
The Survivorship Bias in Congenital Diaphragmatic Herniaby
Children 2022, 9[2], 218; //doi.org/10.3390/children9020218 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Current literature for congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH] focuses on the comparison of the overall mortality in CDH patients. Only a few studies concentrate on analyzing the unstable patients who could not achieve surgical repair, as well as those who could but did not [...] Read more.
Current literature for congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH] focuses on the comparison of the overall mortality in CDH patients. Only a few studies concentrate on analyzing the unstable patients who could not achieve surgical repair, as well as those who could but did not survive after. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the effects of various parameters on the timing of death. A retrospective analysis was performed by using the data of all CDH patients from 2003 to 2016 at a single tertiary center. Patients who were diagnosed with left-sided CDH and expired were included in the study regardless of the cause. Of the 66 expired patients, 5 were excluded due to right-sided CDH. The study population constituted a total of 61 patients, of which 31 patients expired prior to CDH repair, and 30 patients expired at different times after CDH repair. Multinomial regression analysis identified that the ECMO need [B = 20.257, p = 0.000, OR: 62.756, 95% CI 10.600371.384] and O/E LHR [B = 20.376, p = 0.000, OR: 70.663, 95% CI 48.716102.415] values were the independent predictors that influenced mortality in this cohort. Prenatal pulmonary measurements are the major predictors determining the severity of the disease in patients with CDH. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Perspectives on Neonatal Surgery]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Seasonal Patterns of Enteric Pathogens in Colombian Indigenous PeopleA More Pronounced Effect on Bacteria Than on Parasitesby
Pathogens 2022, 11[2], 214; //doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020214 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Enteric pathogens, which are frequently food- and waterborne transmitted, are highly abundant in Indigenous people living in remote rural areas of Colombia. As the frequency of gastroenteritis in the tropics shows seasonal differences, we analyzed variations of pathogen patterns in the stool samples [...] Read more.
Enteric pathogens, which are frequently food- and waterborne transmitted, are highly abundant in Indigenous people living in remote rural areas of Colombia. As the frequency of gastroenteritis in the tropics shows seasonal differences, we analyzed variations of pathogen patterns in the stool samples of a Colombian Indigenous tribe called Wiwa during the dry [n = 105] and the rainy [n = 227] season, applying real-time PCR from stool samples and statistical analysis based on a multi-variable model. Focusing on bacterial pathogens, increased detection rates could be confirmed for enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli with a tendency for an increase in Campylobacter jejuni detections during the rainy season, while there was no seasonal effect on the carriage of Tropheryma whipplei. Salmonellae were recorded during the rainy season only. A differentiated pattern was seen for the assessed parasites. Entamoeba histolytica, Necator americanus and Trichuris trichiura were increasingly detected during the rainy season, but not Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia duodenalis, Hymenolepis nana, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Taenia solium, respectively. Increased detection rates during the dry season were not recorded. Negative associations were found for Campylobacter jejuni and Giardia duodenalis with age and for Tropheryma whipplei with the body mass index, respectively. Positive associations of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Taenia solium detections were observed with age. In conclusion, facilitating effects of the tropical rainy season were more pronounced on bacterial enteric pathogens compared to enteropathogenic parasites. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of PathogensFeature Papers]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Anti-Proteus Activity, Anti-Struvite Crystal, and Phytochemical Analysis of Sida acuta Burm. F. Ethanolic Leaf Extractby
Molecules 2022, 27[3], 1092; //doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031092 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a significant cause of urinary tract infection that may contribute to struvite stones. Anti-infection of this bacterium and anti-struvite formation must be considered. Sida acuta Burm. F. [SA] has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidneys. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Proteus mirabilis is a significant cause of urinary tract infection that may contribute to struvite stones. Anti-infection of this bacterium and anti-struvite formation must be considered. Sida acuta Burm. F. [SA] has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidneys. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the SA leaf ethanolic extract [SAEE] on growth and on virulent factors [swarming motility and urease activity] of Proteus mirabilis isolated from kidney stone formers. We also evaluated anti-struvite crystal formation and phytochemical constituents of SAEE. The minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] of SAEE against three clinical P. mirabilis isolates were 8 mg/mL. Intriguingly, the 1/2MIC of SAEE had significant inhibitory effects on the swarming motility and urease activity of clinical P. mirabilis isolates when compared with the condition without SAEE. The SAEE at the various concentrations significantly inhibited the average weights of struvite crystals in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control. The phytochemical analysis revealed that SAEE contained catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and ferulic acid. This study indicated that SAEE has anti-P. mirabilis and anti-struvite crystal activities via its bioactive compounds. For this reason, SAEE may be developed as a new agent for the treatment of struvite stone induced by P. mirabilis. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products in Asia]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Effect of Centralization on Surgical Outcome of Children Operated for Liver Tumors in Switzerland: A Retrospective Comparative Studyby
Children 2022, 9[2], 217; //doi.org/10.3390/children9020217 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Background: Pediatric liver surgery is complex, and complications are not uncommon. Centralization of highly specialized surgery has been shown to improve quality of care. In 2012, pediatric liver surgery was centralized in Switzerland in one national center. This study analyses results before and [...] Read more.
Background: Pediatric liver surgery is complex, and complications are not uncommon. Centralization of highly specialized surgery has been shown to improve quality of care. In 2012, pediatric liver surgery was centralized in Switzerland in one national center. This study analyses results before and after centralization. Methods: Retrospective monocentric comparative study. Analysis of medical records of children [016 years] operated for any liver tumor between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2020. Forty-one patients were included: 14 before centralization [before 1 January 2012] and 27 after centralization [after 1 January 2012]. Epidemiological, pre-, intra-, and post-operative data were collected. Fischers exact and t-test were used to compare groups. Results: The two cohorts were homogeneous. Operating time was reduced, although not significantly, from 366 to 277 min. Length of postoperative stay and mortality were not statistically different between groups. Yet, after centralization, overall postoperative complication rate decreased significantly from 57% to 15% [p = 0.01], Clavien > III complications decreased from 50% to 7% [p < 0.01], and hepatic recurrences were also significantly reduced [40% to 5%, p = 0.03]. Conclusion: Centralization of the surgical management of liver tumors in Switzerland has improved quality of care in our center by significantly reducing postoperative complications and hepatic recurrence. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Surgical Management for Children with Primary Liver Tumors]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessCase Report
Prenatal Sonographic Features of Cri-du-Chat Syndrome: A Review and Case Studyby
Diagnostics 2022, 12[2], 421; //doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020421 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Cri-du-Chat syndrome [CdCS] is a rare but serious genetic disorder. Most cases occur de novo, without specific risk factors as an indication of invasive prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, no specific ultrasound findings have been reported to facilitate early detection. This study presents a case [...] Read more.
Cri-du-Chat syndrome [CdCS] is a rare but serious genetic disorder. Most cases occur de novo, without specific risk factors as an indication of invasive prenatal diagnosis. Moreover, no specific ultrasound findings have been reported to facilitate early detection. This study presents a case of CdCS with fetal ultrasound findings of cerebellar hypoplasia and peri-membranous ventricular septal defect [VSD], which are consistent with previous reports, as well as coarctation of the aorta and hypercoiling cord, which have never been described in CdCS before. Additionally, we performed an analytical literature review to identify the sonographic pattern facilitating prenatal diagnosis. Based on the review of 47 reported cases, most CdCS fetuses [87.2%] had ultrasound characteristics: cerebellar hypoplasia [29.8%], followed by cardiac abnormalities [19.1%], hydrops fetalis/fluid collection [17.0%], ventriculomegaly [14.9%], choroid plexus cyst [12.8%] and nasal bone hypoplasia [12.8%]. Increased nuchal translucency/nuchal fold thickness was also common. This is the first study providing a fetal sonographic pattern of CdCS that may facilitate early diagnosis. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging of Fetal and Maternal Diseases in Pregnancy]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Ultra-Broadband, Polarization-Irrelevant Near-Perfect Absorber Based on Composite Structureby
Micromachines 2022, 13[2], 267; //doi.org/10.3390/mi13020267 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
This paper proposes a near-perfect absorption device based on a cross-shaped titanium nanostructure and a multilayered structure. The multilayered bottom structure consists of alternately SiO2 and Ti. The whole device is put on a TiN substrate. The coupling between cross-shaped titanium nanostructures, [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a near-perfect absorption device based on a cross-shaped titanium nanostructure and a multilayered structure. The multilayered bottom structure consists of alternately SiO2 and Ti. The whole device is put on a TiN substrate. The coupling between cross-shaped titanium nanostructures, and that between the cross-shaped titanium nanostructure and bottom multilayer, can further enhance the absorption at some wavelength where most of the energy is reflected or passes through in the device with a single structure. According to the simulation results, the device presents a nearly perfect absorption in a wavelength range from 300 nm to 2000 nm. The average absorptance in the wavelength range from 500 nm to 1400 nm exceeds 96%. This paper also provides a new idea for realizing perfect absorption, which is extensively used in sensing, controllable thermal emission, solar energy harvesting solar thermo-photovoltaic devices, and optoelectronic metrology. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of Micromachines in Materials and Processing 2022]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessReview
Prenatal and Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorderby
Nutrients 2022, 14[3], 688; //doi.org/10.3390/nu14030688 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder [FASD] is common and represents a significant public health burden, yet very few interventions have been tested in FASD. Cognitive deficits are core features of FASD, ranging from broad intellectual impairment to selective problems in attention, executive functioning, memory, [...] Read more.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder [FASD] is common and represents a significant public health burden, yet very few interventions have been tested in FASD. Cognitive deficits are core features of FASD, ranging from broad intellectual impairment to selective problems in attention, executive functioning, memory, visualperceptual/motor skills, social cognition, and academics. One potential intervention for the cognitive impairments associated with FASD is the essential nutrient choline, which is known to have numerous direct effects on brain and cognition in both typical and atypical development. We provide a summary of the literature supporting the use of choline as a neurodevelopmental intervention in those affected by prenatal alcohol. We first discuss how alcohol interferes with normal brain development. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the nutrient choline and discuss its role in typical brain development and its application in the optimization of brain development following early insult. Next, we review the preclinical literature that provides evidence of cholines potential as an intervention following alcohol exposure. Then, we review a handful of existing human studies of choline supplementation in FASD. Lastly, we conclude with a review of practical considerations in choline supplementation, including dose, formulation, and feasibility in children. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue The Roles of Maternal and Child Nutrition in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [FASD]: From Mechanistic Insights to Opportunities for Intervention]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Evaluation of Selected Properties of Sodium Alginate-Based Hydrogel MaterialMechanical Strength, μDIC Analysis and Degradationby
Materials 2022, 15[3], 1225; //doi.org/10.3390/ma15031225 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
The search for ideal solutions for the treatment of urethral stenosis continues. This includes developing the material, design, while maintaining its optimal and desired properties. This paper presents the results of the research conducted on sodium alginate-based hydrogel material [AHM], which may be [...] Read more.
The search for ideal solutions for the treatment of urethral stenosis continues. This includes developing the material, design, while maintaining its optimal and desired properties. This paper presents the results of the research conducted on sodium alginate-based hydrogel material [AHM], which may be used as a material for stents dedicated to the treatment of pathologies occurring in the genitourinary system. In order to determine the selected parameters of the AHM samples, strength and degradation tests, as well as analysis of the micro changes occurring on the surface of the material using a digital image correlation [µDIC] system, were performed. This study shows that the material possessed good mechanical strength parameters, the knowledge of which is particularly important from the point of view of the stenttissue interaction. The degradation analysis performed showed that the AHM samples degrade in an artificial urine environment, and that the degradation time mainly depends on the chemical composition of the material. The novel µDIC method performed allowed us to characterize the homogeneity of the material structure depending on the cross-linking agent used. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Full-Text HTML
Abstract Page
Full-Text HTML
Open AccessEditorial
Multi-Level Immune Support by Vitamins C and D during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemicby
Nutrients 2022, 14[3], 689; //doi.org/10.3390/nu14030689 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Vitamins C and D have well-known immune supportive roles, with deficiencies in both vitamins predisposing to increased risk and severity of respiratory infections. Numerous studies have indicated that administration of these vitamins, particularly to people who are deficient, can decrease the risk and [...] Read more.
Vitamins C and D have well-known immune supportive roles, with deficiencies in both vitamins predisposing to increased risk and severity of respiratory infections. Numerous studies have indicated that administration of these vitamins, particularly to people who are deficient, can decrease the risk and severity of respiratory infections. This has stimulated an interest in the potential efficacy of these vitamins in people with novel coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2] infection and its more severe disease [COVID-19]. In this overview, we highlight the current research evidence around the multiple levels of immune support provided by vitamins C and D in the context of general respiratory infections and with a focus on the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These include: prevention of infection; attenuating infection symptoms and severity; adjunctive therapy for severe disease; attenuating ongoing sequelae [e.g., long COVID]; and immunisation support. Although some of these topics have not yet been investigated in great depth concerning SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, extensive research into the role of these vitamins in general respiratory infections has highlighted directions for future research in the current pandemic. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamins C and D: Global and Population Health Perspectives]
Show FiguresFigure 1
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessPerspective
Chronic Generalized Lymphadenopathy in a ChildProgressive Transformation of Germinal Centers [PTGC]by
Children 2022, 9[2], 214; //doi.org/10.3390/children9020214 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Background: Enlarged lymph nodes are a common complaint in a Pediatricians office. Diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy secondary to infectious, inflammatory, immune dysregulation calls for clinical investigation, including a thorough history, physical exam, imaging, and less often, a biopsy of the lymph node. Here [...] Read more.
Background: Enlarged lymph nodes are a common complaint in a Pediatricians office. Diagnosis of reactive lymphadenopathy secondary to infectious, inflammatory, immune dysregulation calls for clinical investigation, including a thorough history, physical exam, imaging, and less often, a biopsy of the lymph node. Here we discuss a rare presentation of extensive generalized, chronic, waxing, and waning lymphadenopathy diagnosed as Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers [PTGC] and the course of illness over eight years follow up period. Discussion: Progressive Transformation of Germinal Centers [PTGC] is considered a benign condition, but extensive recurrent generalized lymphadenopathy in a very young child has not been reported before. This case demonstrates the importance of long-term follow-up and tailoring the diagnostic work-up and management based on new signs and symptoms. Here we focus on the clinical considerations and management of complex presentation of a common clinical finding. Full article
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Marital Satisfaction, Family Functioning, and Childrens Mental HealthThe Effect of Parental Co-Viewingby
Children 2022, 9[2], 216; //doi.org/10.3390/children9020216 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Using 318 household data concerning children during middle childhood [813], we examined the association among each parents marital satisfaction, the childs perceived family functioning, and the childs anxiety and depression. Second, we investigated whether the other parent could buffer or facilitate this chain [...] Read more.
Using 318 household data concerning children during middle childhood [813], we examined the association among each parents marital satisfaction, the childs perceived family functioning, and the childs anxiety and depression. Second, we investigated whether the other parent could buffer or facilitate this chain effect by co-viewing programs via various devices with their child so as to improve the childs perceived family functioning. Results verified the mediation effect that maternal marital satisfaction was positively associated with the childs perceived family functioning, which, in turn, decreased the childs depression. In addition, the results indicated that increased paternal co-viewing enhanced the positive association between maternal marital satisfaction and the childs perceived family functioning and then decreased the childs depression. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed within the framework of family systems theory, parental media interventions, and the different roles of the father and mother in family functionality. Full article
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessReview
Hydrolyzed Proteins and Vegetable Peptides: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity and Potential Therapeutic Targetsby
Nutrients 2022, 14[3], 690; //doi.org/10.3390/nu14030690 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is present in overweight and obesity, causing changes in several metabolic pathways. It impairs systemic functioning and positively feeds back the accumulation of more adipose tissue. Studies with hydrolyzed proteins and plant peptides have demonstrated a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory [...] Read more.
Chronic low-grade inflammation is present in overweight and obesity, causing changes in several metabolic pathways. It impairs systemic functioning and positively feeds back the accumulation of more adipose tissue. Studies with hydrolyzed proteins and plant peptides have demonstrated a potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect of these peptides. However, it is challenging and necessary to explore the mechanism of action of such molecules because understanding their effects depends on their structural characterizations. Furthermore, the structure might also give insights into safety, efficacy and efficiency, with a view of a possible health application. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to discuss the mechanisms of action of hydrolyzed proteins and plant peptides as anti-inflammatory agents in obesity. Keywords and related terms were inserted into databases for the search. Based on the studies evaluated, these biomolecules act by different pathways, favoring the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines and the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Finally, as a future perspective, bioinformatics is suggested as a tool to help understand and better use these molecules considering their applicability in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Lifestyle as Preventive and Therapeutic Targets for Obesity and Inflammation]
attachment
Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 [ZIP, 1486 KiB]
Supplementary File 1 [ZIP, 1486 KiB]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Population Structure and Genetic Diversity Analysis in Sugarcane [Saccharum spp. hybrids] and Six Related Saccharum Speciesby
Agronomy 2022, 12[2], 412; //doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020412 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Sugarcane [Saccharum spp. hybrids] is one of the most important commercial crops for sugar, ethanol, and other byproducts production; therefore, it is of great significance to carry out genetic research. Assessing the genetic population structure and diversity plays a vital role in [...] Read more.
Sugarcane [Saccharum spp. hybrids] is one of the most important commercial crops for sugar, ethanol, and other byproducts production; therefore, it is of great significance to carry out genetic research. Assessing the genetic population structure and diversity plays a vital role in managing genetic resources and gene mapping. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity and population structure among 196 Saccharum accessions, including 34 S. officinarum, 69 S. spontaneum, 17 S. robustum, 25 S. barberi, 13 S. sinense, 2 S. edule, and 36 Saccharum spp. hybrids. A total of 624 polymorphic SSR alleles were amplified by PCR with 22 pairs of fluorescence-labeled highly polymorphic SSR primers and identified on a capillary electrophoresis [CE] detection system including 109 new alleles. Three approaches [model-based clustering, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic analysis] were conducted for population structure and genetic diversity analyses. The results showed that the 196 accessions could be grouped into either three [Q] or eight [q] sub-populations. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most accessions from each species merged. The species S. barberi and S. sinense formed one group. The species S. robustum, S. barberi, S. spontaneum, S. edule, and sugarcane hybrids merged into the second group. The S. officinarum accessions formed the third group located between the other two groups. Two-way chi-square tests derived a total of 24 species-specific or species-associated SSR alleles, including four alleles each for S. officinarum, S. spontaneum, S. barberi, and S. sinense, five alleles for S. robustum. and three alleles for Saccharum spp. hybrids. These species-specific or species-associated SSR alleles will have a wide application value in sugarcane breeding and species identification. The overall results provide useful information for future genetic study of the Saccharum genus and efficient utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources in sugarcane breeding. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of Crops and Associated Microbiota]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Spatial Dependence, Social Networks, and Economic Structures in Japanese Regional Labor Migrationby
Sustainability 2022, 14[3], 1865; //doi.org/10.3390/su14031865 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
This study empirically analyzes the determinants of regional labor migration in Japan, where small towns are disappearing due to the shortage of labor. Using spatial models of origindestination flows and considering network effects of labor and economic structures, we obtain results more consistent [...] Read more.
This study empirically analyzes the determinants of regional labor migration in Japan, where small towns are disappearing due to the shortage of labor. Using spatial models of origindestination flows and considering network effects of labor and economic structures, we obtain results more consistent with the standard migration theory, compared to previous studies. In particular, we find that migration decisions are based on economic motivations and that high [low] unemployment rates in origin [destination] regions and low income in origin regions are important determinants of labor migration flows. Second, we report that network effects, which help reduce migration costs, play a significant role in the relocation of labor. Finally, considering different definitions of spatial weights based on distance, the volume of traded goods, and economic structures, we show that regional dependence is most appropriately defined by the similarity in economic structures. In other words, migration patterns are similar between regions that rely on analogous economic activities. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Bridging the Rural-Urban Divide: Towards Universally Sustainable Regional Economic Development]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Effects of Thinning Intensity on Forest Floor and Soil Biochemical Properties in an Aleppo Pine Plantation after 13 Years: Quantity but Also Quality Mattersby
Forests 2022, 13[2], 255; //doi.org/10.3390/f13020255 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
In order to quantify the impacts of silvicultural treatments in semiarid forests, it is necessary to know how they affect key aboveground processes and also properties characterizing the forest floor and mineral soil compartments. The general objective of this work is to study [...] Read more.
In order to quantify the impacts of silvicultural treatments in semiarid forests, it is necessary to know how they affect key aboveground processes and also properties characterizing the forest floor and mineral soil compartments. The general objective of this work is to study the mid-term effects of thinning intensity on forest floor and soil properties after 13 years following the intervention. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design with four thinning treatments [3 thinning intensity plots plus a control or unmanaged plot] and three blocks or replicates. Several determinations, such as total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, or basal respiration, were performed for characterizing forest floor and mineral soil by considering three random sampling points per experimental plot. Thirteen years after thinning, total organic content, the different organic carbon fractions studied, and basal respiration were higher in the forest floor of the unmanaged plot. These results, however, were contrasted to those obtained for the mineral soil, where significant differences between the treatments were only observed in basal respiration and C/N ratio, while the different organic carbon fractions were not affected by thinning intensity. Our results suggest better soil quality where biological activity is enhanced as a consequence of improved environmental conditions and also litterfall input. The latter is especially important in forests with tree leaves of low biodegradability, where new understorey species promoted by thinning can provide higher nutrient availability for the remaining trees and, therefore, better forest resilience. Full article
[This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptive Forest Management to Climatic Change]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Iraq Is Moving Forward to Achieve Global Targets in Nutritionby
Children 2022, 9[2], 215; //doi.org/10.3390/children9020215 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
Show FiguresFrom the 1990s and after 2003, Iraq suffered many difficulties which affected its population negatively in different ways; from embargo to political instabilities, conflicts, and wars, collectively leading to food insecurity especially among the internally displaced people. The Ministry of Health and International [...] Read more.
From the 1990s and after 2003, Iraq suffered many difficulties which affected its population negatively in different ways; from embargo to political instabilities, conflicts, and wars, collectively leading to food insecurity especially among the internally displaced people. The Ministry of Health and International Organizations worked collectively to improve the nutritional situation among the most vulnerable groups: children under five, and women in reproductive age. This study aims to review the nutrition situation for Iraq in relation to the Global Nutrition Targets and for Sustainable Development Goals. The data used for comparison was obtained from nationally representative surveys conducted in Iraq from 1996 to 2018, including urban and rural areas for all 18 governorates. Results of these surveys showed a gradual decline in undernutrition indicators for children under five, and an emergence of overweight and obesity, indicating an urgent need for collective action from all sectors and related Ministries regarding malnutrition in its different forms. It also revealed a decline in the prevalence of anemia among the targeted women, but an increase of low birth weight in newborn infants. Exclusive breastfeeding though, is still staggering and in need of urgent action. Iraq is transferring from a generalized state of insecurity to a more secure one, emphasizing the need to strengthen systems for efficient monitoring and evaluation. There is also a need for more recent surveys representing Iraq, as the available data is scant, particularly dietary intake studies within the normal population and internally displaced families in camps or scattered shelters. Full article
Graphical abstract
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Can Music Therapy Improve the Quality of Life of Institutionalized Elderly People?by
Healthcare 2022, 10[2], 310; //doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020310 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
The current population has new characteristics that require changes to be made in the public health system. In the case of the elderly, the concrete aspects of their health must be known to improve the system, in search of a better quality of [...] Read more.
The current population has new characteristics that require changes to be made in the public health system. In the case of the elderly, the concrete aspects of their health must be known to improve the system, in search of a better quality of life and as much independence as possible. Method: The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of a music therapy program with institutionalized elderly participants to avoid depressive symptoms and improve social interaction and creativity. This is a group case study that uses a pretestpost-test descriptive design. The program was divided into sixteen sessions, two sessions each week. As inclusion and exclusion criteria, physical dependency and cognitive state were used. Results: The results present an improvement in the physical dimensions of quality of life and an increase in creativity and social interaction. It is recommended that the sessions in the program, aiming to achieve a greater efficiency, are extended because the elderly have very ingrained habits and routines that are very hard to eliminate. Discussion and conclusions: Music therapy, a non-pharmacological and worthwhile treatment, is a therapeutic option with proven benefits. Music therapy has the potential to improve health and quality of life in the elderly and also foster the amelioration of various chronic illnesses, such as depression. Full article
[This article belongs to the Collection Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing in Chronic Illness Using Art]
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Influence of Liquid Hydrogen Diffusion on Nonlinear Mixed Convective Circulation around a Yawed Cylinderby
Symmetry 2022, 14[2], 337; //doi.org/10.3390/sym14020337 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
A yawed cylinder is a cylinder inclined in the plane of a flowing liquid. The liquid flow past the yawed cylinder is important for practice, namely, for bubble suppression and control of the boundary layer transition in undersea applications. It should be noted [...] Read more.
A yawed cylinder is a cylinder inclined in the plane of a flowing liquid. The liquid flow past the yawed cylinder is important for practice, namely, for bubble suppression and control of the boundary layer transition in undersea applications. It should be noted that an inclined cylinder characterizes an asymmetrical behavior of fluid flow and heat transfer. Energy and mass transference characteristics of a steady nonlinear convective flow over the yawed cylinder by accounting for chemically reactive species and viscous dissipation are analyzed in this investigation. The differential equations defining the boundary layer parameters are then transformed into a dimensionless view, taking into account the non-similar transformation. It should be noted that the governing equations have been written using the conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and concentration. These considered equations allow the simulation of the analyzed phenomenon using numerical techniques. Further, quasilinearization and implicit finite difference approximation are used to work out the non-dimensional governing equations. A parametric investigation of all the pertinent characteristics accompanies this. A descriptive system of computation outcomes for the velocity, temperature, and concentration patterns, the drag coefficients, Nu and Sh, is demonstrated by graphs. Enhancing the magnitudes of the Eckert number raises the temperature pattern while energy transport strength is reduced. As the species concentration profile diminishes, the mass transfer characteristics are enhanced for raising magnitudes of the nonlinear chemical reaction parameter. Further, a velocity profile along the chordwise direction rises with enhancing magnitudes of nonlinear convection characteristics and yaw angle. Furthermore, the velocity pattern along the spanwise direction enhances with the growing magnitudes of yaw angle. For assisting buoyancy flow, the friction parameter at the border in the spanwise direction enhances with rising values of yaw angle. Full article
get_app
subject
View online as:
Abstract Page
Abstract Page
Open AccessArticle
Women in Advanced Reproductive Age: Are the Follicular Output Rate, the Follicle-Oocyte Index and the Ovarian Sensitivity Index Predictors of Live Birth in an IVF Cycle?by
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11[3], 859; //doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030859 [registeringDOI] - 06 Feb 2022
Abstract
[1] Background: Several researchers have investigated alternative markers related to ovarian responsiveness in order to better predict IVF outcomes, particularly in advanced reproductive-aged women. The follicular output rate [FORT], the follicle-oocyte index [FOI] and the ovarian sensitivity index [OSI] are among the most [...] Read more.
[1] Background: Several researchers have investigated alternative markers related to ovarian responsiveness in order to better predict IVF outcomes, particularly in advanced reproductive-aged women. The follicular output rate [FORT], the follicle-oocyte index [FOI] and the ovarian sensitivity index [OSI] are among the most promising. However, these three metrics have not been investigated as independent predictors of live birth in women of advanced reproductive age; neither have they been compared to the two component characteristics that are used to calculate them. [2] Methods: A logistic regression model containing all relevant predictors of ovarian reserve or response was used to evaluate the potential of FORT, FOI and OSI as predictors of live birth. After, the non-linear associations between FORT, FOI and OSI and the probability of live birth were evaluated. Finally, we fitted multiple logistic regression models to compare whether FORT, FOI and OSI were more informative predictors than their components. [3] Results: 590 couples received a total of 740 IVF cycles, after which, 127 [17.5%] obtained a live birth. None of FORT, FOI and OSI showed a strength of association or a p-value even close to female age [odds ratio for live birth [95% confidence interval] 1.00 [0.991.01], 1.00 [0.991.01], 0.98 [0.881.11] and 0.58 [0.480.72], respectively]. The three models comparing FORT, FOI and OSI with the number of oocytes retrieved, the AFC, the number of preovulatory follicles and the FSH total dose were not more informative. [4] Conclusions: In a population of women of advanced age with unexplained infertility, none of FORT, FOI and OSI were predictive of live birth or more predictive than the two component characteristics that were used to calculate them. We suggest clinicians and researchers still use female age as the most reliable predictor of an IVF treatment. Full article
[This article belongs to the Section Obstetrics & Gynecology]