How are Sternbergs and Gardners theories of intelligence different from other theories of intelligence quizlet?

Musical intelligence is one of Gardner's seven categories of intelligence.

Spatial intelligence, or the ability to navigate in space, includes abilities such as drawing and is one of Gardner's seven categories of intelligence.

Intrapersonal intelligence, or the ability to understand one's self, includes abilities such as awareness of one's desires, fears, and inhibitions, and is one of Gardner's seven categories of intelligence.

Convergent intelligence was proposed by Guilford to describe IQ test related intelligence, such as puzzles, vocabulary words, and arithmetic.

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Terms in this set (22)

Crystallized Intelligence

-learning from past experiences and learning.
-Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams.
-This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences.
-This type of intelligence becomes stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding.

Fluid Intelligence

-the ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems.
-This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education.
-Examples: solving puzzles and coming up with problem solving strategies.
-Both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence.
-Fluid intelligence peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40.

Theories of Intelligence

-Charles Spearman—"g" factor
-Louis Thurstone—intelligence as a person's "pattern" of mental abilities
-Howard Gardner—multiple intelligences
-Sternberg-triarchic theory
-Emotional Intelligence - ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

Charles Spearman (1863-1945)
General Intelligence (g-factor)

-Theorized that a general intelligence factor (g) underlies other, more specific aspects of intelligence
-Based this on how he noticed people who did well on one test tended to do similarly well on others.
-Agreed with Terman that a single overall IQ score was best.

Louis L. Thurstone

-Intelligence is a cluster of abilities.
-Believed intelligence comprised of 7 different "primary mental abilities" each independent from the other.
-Examples: Verbal Comprehension, numerical ability, reasoning & perceptual speed
-The g factor was just an overall average score of these independent abilities.
-Looked for a pattern of mental abilities like Wechsler.

Howard Gardner (1943- )
Multiple Intelligences

-Author of a contemporary theory of multiple intelligences consisting of eight separate kinds of intelligence
-Multiple Intelligences - several independent mental abilities that allow a person to solve problems, create products that are valued within one's culture.
-Intelligence defined within the context of culture
-Can't really measure it using a standard IQ test.

verbal-linguistic

reading, comprehension, and writing

logical-mathematical

solving math and logic problems

bodily-kinesthetic

balance, strength, endurance

visual-spacial

judging distance, map reading, geometry

musical-rhytmic

appreciating and creating music, music theory

interpersonal

listening, cooperation, sensitivity to others

intrapersonal

knowledge of self

naturalistic

appreciating nature, ability to work with plants and animals

Robert Sternberg (1949- )
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

-Author of a Triarchic theory of multiple intelligences consisting of of 3 mental abilities
-Disagrees with Gardner in calling these intelligences.
-Instead believes these are talents or abilities.
-Said Intelligence is a general quality
-Stresses both the universal aspects of intelligent behavior and the importance of adapting to a certain social and cultural climate.
-Also called Successful Intelligence

Robert Sternberg

-Analytic/Academic "intelligence"—mental processes used in learning how to solve problems
-Creative "intelligence"—ability to deal with novel situations by drawing on existing skills and knowledge
-Practical "intelligence"—ability to adapt to the environment (street smarts)

analytic intelligence

analyzing, comparing, evaluating

practical intelligence

applying, using

creative intelligence

inventing, designing

emotional intelligence

-The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
-People high in emotional intelligence are more in touch with their feelings and the feelings of others.

IQ Tests do a good job measuring:

Logical thinking
Problem solving
Capacity to acquire knowledge

IQ Tests however do not measure:

Creativity
Achievement motivation
Goal-oriented behavior
Ability to adapt to one's environment

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How are Sternberg and Gardner's theories of intelligence different from other theories of intelligence?

Differences in the Theories Gardner recognizes aspects of intelligence like kinesthetic, musical, and naturalist. Sternberg focuses primarily on elements of cognitive development that can be measured through somewhat traditional means (i.e. multiple choice and essay format).

How are Sternberg's and Gardner's theories of intelligence different from other theories of intelligence quizlet?

The theories are alike in that they both reflect on multiple kinds of intelligence, as opposed to one single capacity. However, they differ because Sternberg focuses more on environmental intelligence, whereas Gardner focuses on individual skills.

How is Gardner's theory of intelligence different from earlier theories?

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have. This theory challenged the traditional notion that there is one single type of intelligence, sometimes known as “g” for general intelligence, that only focuses on cognitive abilities.

Which states the most important difference between Gardner's and Sternberg's theories of multiple intelligence?

Which states the MOST important difference between Gardner's and Sternberg's theories of multiple intelligence? Gardner studied the outcomes that exhibited particular intelligences whereas Sternberg focused on approaches.