The category of stressor that includes death of a loved one, loss of job, and getting married is

How People Cope With Stressful Situations

Coping occurs in response to psychological stress—usually triggered by changes—in an effort to maintain mental health and emotional well-being. Life stressors are often described as negative events (the death of a loved one, loss of a job, divorce, etc.); however, positive changes in life (marriage, birth, moving, a new job, etc.) can also constitute life stressors, thus requiring the use of coping skills to adapt. Coping strategies are the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that you use to adjust to the changes that occur in your life.

Coping Styles

There are many coping styles that people use, and some may prove more effective than others, depending on the nature of the stressful situation and the person who is employing them. Ineffective coping mechanisms, also referred to as maladaptive coping, may also be applied to stressful events or internal conflict, often unconsciously. Maladaptive coping mechanisms are counterproductive.

Among researchers, coping styles are commonly assigned broad categories that draw distinctions between methods. For example, instrumental coping (referred to as problem-solving) focuses on ways to tackle the issue in order to reduce stress around a given situation, while emotion-focused coping gathers tools to nurture one's emotional health during the stressful period. Additionally, coping is identified as being either active or avoidant. Active coping strategies involve an awareness of the stressor, followed by attempts to reduce the negative outcome. By contrast, avoidant coping is characterized by ignoring the issue, often resulting in activities that aid in the denial of the problem (e.g., drinking, sleeping, isolating).

Specific Coping Strategies

Now that we've examined common styles of coping, let us take a look at specific coping strategies:

  • Humor. Pointing out the amusing aspects of the problem at hand, or "positive reframing," is thought to help deal with small failures.
  • Seeking support. Asking for help, or finding emotional support from family members or friends, can be an effective way of maintaining emotional health during a stressful period.
  • Problem-solving. As described above, problem solving is an instrumental coping mechanism that aims to locate the source of the problem and determine solutions. This coping mechanism is often helpful in work situations.
  • Relaxation. Engaging in relaxing activities, or practicing calming techniques, can help to manage stress and improve overall coping.
  • Physical recreation. Regular exercise, such as running, or team sports, is a good way to handle the stress of given situation. This may involve yoga, meditating, progressive muscle relaxation, among other techniques of relaxation.
  • Adjusting expectations. Anticipating various outcomes to scenarios in life may assist in preparing for the stress associated with any given change or event.
  • Denial. Avoidance of the issue altogether may lead to denying that a problem even exists. Denial is usually maintained by distractions, such as excessive alcohol consumption, overworking, or sleeping more than usual.
  • Self-blame. Internalizing the issue, and blaming oneself (beyond just taking responsibility for one's actions), leads to low-self esteem and sometimes depression.
  • Venting. An externalizing coping technique, venting is the outward expression of emotions, usually in the company of friends or family. In moderation it can be healthy; however, ruminating on the negative can lead to strained relationships over time.

How Coping Mechanisms Are Related To Addiction

People who struggle with addictions often employ maladaptive coping mechanisms; some addicts remain in denial (or don’t know how to cope with stress in a healthy way), and others may be blaming themselves for a negative past experience—either of which may lead to using a substance or behavior to escape. The UCLA Dual Diagnosis Clinic can equip addicts with numerous healthy alternatives for coping with stress. Take the first step toward help and make the call now.

The category of stressor that includes death of a loved one, loss of job, and getting married is

Stress is all around us — and no one is immune. When you think about what causes your own stress, what likely comes to mind are things like being stuck in traffic or running late for work, perhaps because these are everyday obstacles. But truly, it’s the major life changes like marriage, becoming parents or job loss that typically bring on harmful amounts of stress. In fact, the death of a loved one is considered the number one stress driver.

Whether it’s a spouse, family member or close friend, losing a loved one presents you with one of the greatest challenges you may ever face. The stress of learning to live without them includes changing family dynamics, taking over responsibilities your loved one once dealt with, spending time alone and simply struggling with your new normal.

How you cope with that stress affects your body physically, mentally and spiritually. Learning to overcome that stress in positive ways will help you move forward and live your best possible life.

Stress Can Harm Your Body

When you’re faced with a stressful situation, your body uses its natural fight or flight response, producing a stress hormone called cortisol. While this hormone can be good for us in small doses to give us a burst of energy and resolve, consistent release of cortisol can be harmful to our bodies over time and cause serious health issues. Some specific ways stress may affect your body are:

  • Decreased Bone Density
  • Exhaustion
  • Headache, Back Pain and Stomach Ache
  • High Cholesterol
  • Increased Blood Pressure
  • Loss of Appetite
  • Lowered Immune System
  • Risk of Heart Disease
  • Slowed Motor Reactions
  • Trouble Sleeping, Insomnia or Frequent Waking
  • Weight Gain

Stress Can Harm Your Mind and Spirit

As you might guess, stress can affect your mind in a number of ways. And its effects, from mood swings to complete isolation, can range from mild to very severe. Other effects may include:

  • Anger
  • Depression
  • Difficulty Making Decisions
  • Fear of the Future
  • Loss of Interest in Normal Activities
  • Nightmares
  • Restlessness
  • Slowed Motor Reactions
  • Social Avoidance
  • Trouble Concentrating or Focusing

Learn to Cope With Your Loss

Grieving is a painful but necessary path to healing. Learning to cope with the death of a loved one is a vital step in improving your quality of life. Coping techniques include:

Acknowledge Your Feelings

Recognize stressors associated with the loss of your loved one such as anger, sadness and frustration. Accept these feelings as a normal part of your grieving process and be assured they will come to an end.

Avoid Drugs and Alcohol

Drugs and alcohol may numb your pain, but they only offer temporary relief. They can also create more problems for you, actually increasing your stress level.

Build a Strong Support System

Talk about the stress you’re feeling since your loved one’s passing with family, friends, co-workers or a religious leader. A solid support system will help you more fully process your loss, and help you move toward a productive and fulfilling future.

Practice Self Care

Make taking care of yourself your top priority. Maintain a healthy diet, get physically active, connect socially, get adequate sleep and maintain a normal routine.

Remember Your Loved One

Frame your favorite pictures, donate to a charity on behalf of your loved one, start a scholarship in their name, celebrate their birthday or honor them in way that’s unique to you.

There’s No Shame in Asking for Help

Stress — especially the kind that results from the loss of a loved one — can be overwhelming. If stress-relieving techniques aren’t working or you feel unable to cope, reach out to a mental health professional right away.

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