What is a software agent that can be programmed to handle a variety of routine tasks?
Artificial intelligence is defined as the study of rational agents. A rational agent could be anything that makes decisions, as a person, firm, machine, or software. It carries out an action with the best outcome after considering past and current percepts(agent’s perceptual inputs at a given instance). An AI system is composed of an agent and its environment. The agents act in their environment. The environment may contain other agents. Show An agent is anything that can be viewed as :
Note: Every agent can perceive its own actions (but not always the effects) To understand the structure of Intelligent Agents, we should be familiar with Architecture and
Agent programs. Architecture is the machinery that the agent executes on. It is a device with sensors and actuators, for example, a robotic car, a camera, a PC. Agent program is an implementation of an agent function. An agent function is a map from the percept sequence(history of all that an agent has perceived to date) to an action.
Examples of Agent:
Types of AgentsAgents can be grouped into five classes based on their degree of perceived intelligence and capability :
Simple reflex agentsSimple reflex agents ignore the rest of the percept history and act only on the basis of the current percept. Percept history is the history of all that an agent has perceived to date. The agent function is based on the condition-action rule. A condition-action rule is a rule that maps a state i.e, condition to an action. If the condition is true, then the action is taken, else not. This agent function only succeeds when the environment is fully observable. For simple reflex agents operating in partially observable environments, infinite loops are often unavoidable. It may be possible to escape from infinite loops if the agent can randomize its actions. Problems with Simple reflex agents are :
Model-based reflex agentsIt works by finding a rule whose condition matches the current situation. A model-based agent can handle partially observable environments by the use of a model about the world. The agent has to keep track of the internal state which is adjusted by each percept and that depends on the percept history. The current state is stored inside the agent which maintains some kind of structure describing the part of the world which cannot be seen. Updating the state requires information about :
Goal-based agentsThese kinds of agents take decisions based on how far they are currently from their goal(description of desirable situations). Their every action is intended to reduce its distance from the goal. This allows the agent a way to choose among multiple possibilities, selecting the one which reaches a goal state. The
knowledge that supports its decisions is represented explicitly and can be modified, which makes these agents more flexible. They usually require search and planning. The goal-based agent’s behavior can easily be changed. Utility-based agentsThe agents which are developed having their end uses as building blocks are called utility-based agents. When there are multiple possible
alternatives, then to decide which one is best, utility-based agents are used. They choose actions based on a preference (utility) for each state. Sometimes achieving the desired goal is not enough. We may look for a quicker, safer, cheaper trip to reach a destination. Agent happiness should be taken into consideration. Utility describes how “happy” the agent is. Because of the uncertainty in the world, a utility agent chooses the action that maximizes the
expected utility. A utility function maps a state onto a real number which describes the associated degree of happiness. Learning Agent :A learning agent in AI is the type of agent that can learn from its past experiences or it has learning capabilities. It starts to act with basic knowledge and then is able to act and adapt automatically through
learning.
What are the types of software agents?Examples of intelligent software agents. Buyer agents (shopping bots) ... . User agents (personal agents) ... . Monitoring-and-surveillance (predictive) agents. ... . Data-mining agents. ... . Networking and communicating agents. ... . Software development agents (aka software bots) ... . Security agents.. What is software agent system?A software agent is a persistent, goal-oriented computer program that reacts to its environment and runs without continuous direct supervision to perform some function for an end user or another program. Some, but not all, software agents have UIs (user interfaces).
What is intelligent software agents?Intelligent software agents, in general, are computer programs that can be launched into a computer system or into a network to perform processes in the background, often while the computer is performing other work in the foreground.
What are agents technology?An agent is a program that collects information or performs a task in the background at a particular schedule. The term agent is often thought of as a software abstraction that is capable of acting with a certain degree of autonomy to perform a particular task on behalf of its host.
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